Recombinant DNA technology is used to connect DNA molecules from varying species. It is commonly used with the interest of improving science, technology, agriculture, medicine, etc. In order to manipulate genes, recombinant DNA technology primarily uses two techniques: cloning and DNA sequencing.
DNA Cloning:
Under the topic of DNA and genetics, members of a clone are genetically identical due to the process of cell replication. In recombinant DNA and technology, scientists are able to create copies of desirable genes or segments of DNA. The cloning is carried out by putting a small fragment of DNA inside a DNA molecule and allowing it to replicate itself. The replicated molecule is known as a DNA vector or carrier and is commonly found in yeast, plasmids, and viruses.
Plasmids, although not found directly inside the main cellular genome, are able to carry genes that provide their host with positive and desirable properties. Some of these properties include drug resistance, mating ability, and toxin production.
DNA Sequencing:
After DNA cloning, its nucleotide sequence can be determined as a result of DNA sequencing. The DNA sequence is essential for our understanding of human genetics and evolution–without it, the blueprint for DNA functions is missing. If a DNA gene has been sequenced, the characteristic features of that gene can be determined. Knowing these DNA sequences allows researchers to determine early signals for diseases. Comparing them allows researchers to understand the evolutionary relationships within and between different species, and the order allows for researchers to screen for functional regions.
References
Griffiths, Anthony J.F.. "recombinant DNA". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Aug. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/science/recombinant-DNA-technology. Accessed 9 September 2023.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "epistatic gene". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/science/epistatic-gene. Accessed 9 September 2023.
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