Artificial limbs, or prosthetics, have impacted the lives of individuals with limb loss or deficiencies. They work to mimic the functions of natural limbs, restoring mobility and freedom to those who have lost a limb due to a number of reasons, from injury to birth defects. The various methods and techniques employed to connect these artificial limbs to the body are deserving of much awe.
Sockets are a crucial component of an artificial limb, attaching the device to a natural limb. This technology has evolved over the last century to improve a comfortable and secure fit for the user. In the past, prosthetic sockets were made from rigid materials, leading to discomfort and skin irritations. Modern prosthetists employ Computer-Aided Design technology to create custom-fit sockets. These personalized socket fits are made from flexible, lightweight material, unlike the leather and wood used during the 18th century.
Osseointegration is another groundbreaking surgical technique that anchors the prosthetic limb directly to the bone. During the osseointegration procedure, a special titanium implant is inserted into the amputated bone's limb. Over time, the surrounding bone fuses with the titanium implant, creating a strong and permanent connection. This allows for a more natural range of motion and permits the patient to have improved control and function in their artificial limb.
To keep the artificial limb securely attached to the body, many types of suspension systems are used. The suspension system varies depending on the type of artificial limb and the patient's specific needs and preferences. These methods include:
Straps and harnesses: Traditional prosthetics may use straps and harnesses to hold the artificial limb in place.
Suction suspension: This involves creating a vacuum seal between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket, ensuring a secure fit.
Vacuum-assisted suspension: A pump is used to remove air from the socket, creating a vacuum and enhancing suspension.
Pin-lock system: A pin is inserted into the residual limb, connecting it to the socket and providing stability.
With tremendous advancements in this field, researchers have also started exploring neural interfaces that can directly connect the artificial limb to the user's nervous system. This will enable more precise and easy control of the artificial limb, by allowing the user to control it using their thoughts and receive sensory feedback.
Despite the tremendous improvements that have been pioneered in recent years, there is still great potential for further work on the future of prosthetics and their connections.
Artificial limbs have come a long way in providing functional and comfortable solutions for individuals with limb loss. The connection between the body and the prosthetic limb is a determining aspect of the user's mobility, comfort, and independence.
References
Douglas G. Smith, MD; Ernest M. Burgess. “The Use of CAD/CAM Technology in Prosthetics and Orthotics--Current Clinical Models and a View to the Future.” The Use of CAD/CAM Technology in Prosthetics and Orthotics-Current Clinical Models and a View to the Future, www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/01/38/3/smith.htm. Accessed 26 July 2023.
Keszler, Mary. “What You Should Know before Getting a Prosthetic Leg.” JHM, 15 Mar. 2023, www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/what-to-know-before-getting-prosthetic-leg.
“Lower Limb Prosthetic Sockets and Suspension Systems.” Physiopedia, www.physio-pedia.com/Lower_Limb_Prosthetic_Sockets_and_Suspension_Systems. Accessed 26 July 2023.
Prosthetics, LeTourneau. “High-Tech Prosthetics: Prosthetic Technology Innovations.” LeTourneau Prosthetics and Orthotics Southeast Texas, 19 Nov. 2017, www.llop.com/prosthetic-high-tech-explosion/.
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