GPCR Receptors

A GPCR, or a G-protein-coupled receptor, is a protein located in the cell membrane of eukaryotic organisms, including both plants and mammals. This protein’s purpose is to bind multiple signaling molecules, which then activate a G-protein to act as the “trigger.” This allows these molecules to signal to other proteins and enzymes, which will then activate and produce “second messengers” to send information to the rest of the body about environmental changes and sensory input. Additionally, GPCRs help regulate hormones, metabolism, and the immune system.

Because GPCRs are so closely linked to communication throughout the body, most drugs will target them when taken. These drugs help treat many types of diseases, including pain, schizophrenia, and allergic reactions. 

Naturally, studying GPCRs is extremely valuable for drug development. In recent years, biotechnology companies and startups have focused more on developing drugs with a link to GPCRs to cure more serious diseases, such as metabolic disorders and cancer. Other companies are working to design more effective drugs through advanced protein engineering. These companies and startups have been funded with millions of dollars to continue their research. As new methods are constantly being tested, increasingly advanced GPCR-related drugs are being developed, with the potential to treat diseases that are currently incurable.

References:

“G Protein-Coupled Receptor.” Wikipedia, 18 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor.

Hill, Stephen J. “G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Past, Present and Future.” British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 147, no. S1, 2 Feb. 2009, pp. S27–S37, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1760739/, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706455.

Nature Education. “GPCR | Learn Science at Scitable.” Nature.com, 2010, www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gpcr-14047471/.

Peter, Roohi Mariam. “GPCR Therapies: Eight Promising Biotechs Bolstering R&D.” Labiotech.eu, Labiotech UG, 29 Oct. 2024, www.labiotech.eu/best-biotech/gpcr-therapies-eight-promising-biotechs-bolstering-rd/. Accessed 11 Aug. 2025.

Rogers, Kara. “G Protein-Coupled Receptor | Biochemistry | Britannica.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2019, www.britannica.com/science/G-protein-coupled-receptor.

Simulation