Endocrine Disruptors

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs that produce, store, and release hormones. Hormones travel through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues, where fluctuations in their levels can affect how the body functions. Glands like the thyroid, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas all play critical roles in the system. When the endocrine functions normally, it keeps the body in balance and supports health across one’s life span. 

What are Endocrine Disruptors?

Endocrine disruptors, or endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances, either natural or manmade, that interfere with hormone activity in the body. These chemicals can mimic natural hormones, block them from working, or alter their production and storage. Some EDCs act like hormones, tricking the body into responding to them, while othersthers may reduce or increase hormone levels in the blood or change how sensitive the body is to its own hormones. Because hormones regulate nearly every major body system, EDC exposure has been linked to many health issues, including reproductive disorders, early puberty, infertility, obesity, diabetes, developmental problems, and even certain cancers. 

Common Disrupting Chemicals

EDCs are found in many everyday products. Bisphenol (PA) is used in plastics and food can linings. Phthalates, found in cosmetics, toys, and food packaging, can mimic or block hormones. Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, has been shown to affect reproductive health in animals. Dioxins, released from waste burning and industrial processes, and PCBs, once used in electric equipment, are persistent in the environment and harmful to the hormone system. PFAS chemicals, often called forever chemicals, are found in nonstick cookware and water-resistant coatings. Even some natural substances like phytoestrogens in soy can mimic estrogen. These exposures occur through good air, skin contact, and water.

Reducing Health Effects

While it is nearly impossible to avoid all EDCs. Individuals can take steps to reduce exposure to them. One can choose fresh or frozen foods instead of canned ones to avoid BPA-lined packaging. Look for “phthalate-free” and “paraben-free” labels on personal care products. Avoid plastics labeled with recycling codes 3 or 7, which may contain BPA. Filter drinking water when possible, and avoid microwaving food in plastic containers. Reducing the use of pesticides and choosing organic produce can also help. At the policy level, stricter regulations and increased transparency in consumer products are essential for minimizing widespread exposure. Although EDCs are everywhere, being informed can significantly reduce health risks.

References:

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. “Endocrine Disruptors.” National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 22 July 2024, www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine.

Stetler, Caroline. “How Can You Reduce Health Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals?” National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, July 2024, factor.niehs.nih.gov/2024/7/science-highlights/endocrine-disruptors.

Endocrine Society. “Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs).” Www.endocrine.org, 24 Jan. 2022, www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/edcs.

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